Hemp vs. Cannabis: Unveiling the Intoxicating Differences of CBD and THC

Hemp and cannabis, while often used interchangeably, stem from distinct varieties of the Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica plants, each possessing unique properties and applications. Understanding the disparities between these two plants, particularly concerning the intoxicating effects of their cannabinoids, CBD and THC, is crucial for informed decision-making.

Hemp: A Multifaceted Resource

Hemp primarily serves as an industrial crop, with its stalks being utilized in various sectors, including textiles, rope production, paper manufacturing, and construction materials. Moreover, hemp seeds, packed with essential fatty acids, amino acids, polyphenols, and trace minerals, are hailed for their nutritional value and find application in cosmetics, supplements, and herbal remedies.

• Hemp Seed Oil: Derived exclusively from hemp seeds, this oil boasts essential fatty acids vital for cardiovascular, respiratory, and brain health, along with potent antioxidants.
• Hemp Seed Protein Powder: This complete protein source, encompassing all essential amino acids, serves as an excellent supplement for augmenting dietary nutrient intake.

Important: Hemp seeds contain negligible amounts of intoxicating cannabinoids, making them safe for consumption.

Cannabis: The Source of Intoxication

The flowers and leaves of both hemp and cannabis plants contain high levels of cannabinoids, such as THC and CBD. These compounds are responsible for the plants' intoxicating effects, acting as depressants, anesthetics, narcotics, and psychedelics by interfering with the central nervous system.

Cannabinoids and Their Effects:

• Narcotic properties: Inducing drowsiness, sleep, and decreased appetite by modulating pain signals and altering neurotransmitter activity.
• Anesthetic properties: Interfering with nervous system activity and pain pathways by desensitizing pain receptors.
• Psychedelic properties: Altering perception and cognition through its complex interactions with various receptors and neurotransmitters.
• Depressant properties:Reduce nervous system activity and slowing down bodily functions.

Mechanisms of THC and CBD Intoxication:

• THC: This cannabinoid is primarily responsible for the psychoactive effects or "high" associated with cannabis use. It binds to CB1 receptors in the brain, triggering euphoria and altered sensory perception. However, THC also carries potential risks, including anxiety, paranoia, and impaired coordination.
• CBD: While not as psychoactive as THC, CBD still interacts with the endocannabinoid system, albeit in a different manner. Any potential therapeutic effects of CBD appear to be outweighed by its intoxicating effects, which differs from THC in that it doesn't cause the classic "high," but still alters mental state and cognitive function, and by the multitude of detrimental effects it can cause. Specifically, the mechanisms mentioned in this research article – action on CB1 and CB2 receptors, TRPV1 channels, and PPARα, as well as increasing endocannabinoids through FAAH inhibition – all contribute to CBD's ability to induce various states of intoxication.

The FDA has concluded that existing regulatory frameworks do not allow for CBD to be used and taken as a supplement or put into food. This is due to concerns about its safety, potential liver damage, interactions with certain medications, and possible harm to the male reproductive system. Additionally, CBD exposure raises concerns for vulnerable populations such as children and pregnant women.

Misconceptions and Dangers:

Contrary to popular belief, CBD is not without risks. Research shows that CBD use can lead to a range of detrimental effects. Their intoxicating effects impair physical and mental functions, making them dangerous for activities like driving or operating machinery. Long-term use can lead to various adverse health effects, including:

• Neurological Problems: CBD can trigger headaches, dizziness, and even seizures in some individuals, particularly at high doses or in those with pre-existing neurological conditions.
• Mood Disorders: While CBD is often promoted for its anxiolytic properties, it can paradoxically worsen anxiety and even trigger manic episodes in susceptible individuals. Changes in mood and personality have also been reported.
• Cardiovascular Issues: CBD can cause a drop in blood pressure and slow down heart rate, which can be dangerous for individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.
• Reproductive Problems: Studies have shown that CBD can interfere with male reproductive health, leading to decreased testosterone levels, testicular shrinkage, and infertility.
• Cognitive Impairment: CBD can negatively impact cognitive function, causing memory problems, difficulty concentrating, and slowed thinking.
• Metabolic Disturbances: CBD can disrupt liver function and affect the metabolism of certain medications, potentially leading to adverse drug interactions.

CBD: A Misleading "Wellness" Trend

Despite being promoted as safe and non-intoxicating, CBD, a cannabinoid often extracted from hemp or cannabis, shares the intoxicating properties of other cannabinoids. While CBD's analgesic effects may be desirable for some individuals seeking pain relief, it's important to recognize that these effects are not separate from its intoxicating properties. They are two sides of the same coin, both resulting from CBD's complex interactions with the body's endocannabinoid system. Consuming CBD products derived from flowers or leaves can lead to the same adverse effects as THC without the psychoactive effects.

Important Note: The FDA states that only hemp and cannabis products derived from parts that do not contain THC or CBD might be legally marketed as dietary supplements.

Conclusion

Hemp and cannabis are distinct entities with different applications. Hemp offers valuable industrial and nutritional uses, while the flowers and leaves of both plants contain intoxicating cannabinoids that pose significant health risks. Be informed and make responsible choices when considering products derived from these plants.